長城 長城 ロ-マ時代（市壁） 408 5世紀初頭にテオドシウス2世の治世に建設され、イスタンブル旧市街を完全に内側に覆いつくしている大城壁。かつては内壁と外壁の二重構造の上、外側には堀がめぐらされ、さらに1定の間隔で塔が建設されて外敵からコンスタンティノポリスを完全に防御した。現在は荒廃が進んでいるが、大部分は城壁の原形を十分に保っている。 In 408, at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408?450), construction began on a new wall, about 1,500 m to the west of the old. The new wall became known as the Theodosian Wall , and was built under the direction of Anthemius, the Praetorian prefect of the East, being completed in 413. New Rome now enclosed seven hills and justified the appellation Heptalophos ("seven hills"), in imitation of Elder Rome. On 7 November 447 however, a powerful earthquake destroyed large parts of the wall, including 57 towers. Employing the city's d?moi (the "Circus factions") in the work, the walls were restored in a record 60 days, according to the Byzantine chroniclers. The chronicles also suggest that at this point, the second outer wall was added, and a wide ditch opened in front of the walls, but the validity of that information is open to question. Throughout their history, the walls were damaged by earthquakes, and repairs were undertaken on numerous occasions, as testified by the numerous inscriptions commemorating the emperors or their servants who undertook to restore them.
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